p p
p UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supplies).
p, p , p
, p
UPS p . p, -
p.
p p p "The Power Protection
HandBook" p American Power Conversion,
p p UPS p p.
With best regards,
P.S. aka Serge (Serge Polubarjev, 2:5052/2.0@fidonet)
**********************************************************************
***** H *****
Sags - p Brownouts - pp
p p. H
p.
Blackout - p p p.
Spike - pp p
p p ( - ).
Surge - pp p ,
p 1/120 .
Noise - p ,
p (EMI) p (RFI) .
p p, p
p p:
Sags - < -20% RMS nominal;
Spikes - > +100% nominal peak;
Surges - > +10% RMS nominal.
**********************************************************************
**** H UPS ****
1. The generic UPS topology.
In > 1 2
\
\ > Out
6
3 4 5
1 - surge supressor
2 - filter
3 - battery charger
4 - battery
5 - inverter DC/AC
6 - transfer switch
UPS, p , p p
2 p p - Standby On-line.
, p p (Standby
mode), transfer switch p p p
[1]-[2]. p UPS
p. H p p.
p p, transfer switch
p p [3]-[4]-[5] (On-line mode),
.. p p p, pp pp AC
220V.
, p on-line p
p p p , p
standby mode - p . , p
p p p , p pp
p standby/on-line p, p
p p
p.
p ,
p p p standby mode , ,
p on-line p p p . p
p p p p, p p.
battery charger' ,
pp on-line mode
charger' (, blackout'), p
UPS p p p.
p, battery charger'
p , p p p p
brownout's p. ,
, UPS p p:
) p p on-line p p pp,
p standby mode, p
UPS p p p
p p;
) p pp/p p p p
p p.
, p p
ppp UPS, , Back-UPS p American Power
Conversion.
2. The on-line without bypass topology.
In > 1 2 3 > Out
1 - battery charger
2 - battery
3 - inverter DC/AC
UPS pp p on-line mode, p
p p p p. p
p , p pp
p, p battery charger'.
p p, ( 1-1.5kVA)
UPS, p p pp .
3. The standby on-line hybrid topology.
In > 1
>
6 > Out
>5
2 3 4
1 - rectifier
2 - battery charger
3 - battery
4 - standby DC/DC converter
5 - combiner
6 - inverter DC/AC
Standby DC/DC converter
p p. Battery charger
, generic UPS. p
p, p p rectifier',
pp, pp p AC 220V.
p , p,
p p
p p p p .
p, , UPS, Unison Unipower
Exide Personal Powerware.
4. The standby-ferro topology
)
In > \ )
1 ) (
( > Out
) (
)
2 3 4 ) 5
1 - transfer switch
2 - battery charger
3 - battery
4 - inverter DC/AC
5 - transformer
p p ppp. p
p p p transfer switch p
ppp p. p
pp p p , transfer switch
p p.
pp , p
p transfer switch. ppp p ,
ppp p p,
p p p
"", p p pp.
p p p
, p. ,
ppp p
p, p p ,
. p , p p
pp, .
H UPS, p ,
BEST Ferrups. p p pp UPS ,
On-line, , , .
5. The line-interactive topology.
In > \ >
1
AC
> Out
DC 3
Charging (normal)
2 <
>
Discharging (power fail)
1 - transfer switch
2 - battery
3 - inverter
pp UPS p
, p
p p, p, p
p p p p p p p
p p p p. p
p,
p p p p , UPS
p p .
p p p .
p UPS BEST Fortress,
APC Smart-UPS APC Back-UPS Pro.
**** p pp UPS ****
ppp -
UPS. p
p
p .
(p - p p
p p APC, .. p p
p p p-p)
- Power capacity
p p.
-p (VA), p - (W). pp: 650 VA = 410 W.
p APC pp p :
Back-UPS - 250, 400, 600, 900, 1250 VA
Back-UPS Pro - 280, 420, 650 VA
Smart-UPS - 250, 400, 600, 900, 1250, 2000 VA
Smart-UPS XL series - 600, 900, 2000 VA
Smart-UPS RM series - 600, 1250, 2000 VA
Matrix UPS - 3000, 5000 VA
- Input voltage window for utility operation
p, p p p
p p.
Back-UPS - 196...264V AC
Back-UPS Pro - 175...296V AC
Smart-UPS, Smart XL, Smart RM - 196...253V AC (p 196V AC UPS
p p, .. SmartBoost(tm),
p p p 12% p
-15%...-24% -
AVR p Back-UPS Pro).
Matrix UPS - -25...+15% of nominal
- Transfer time (typical/max)
p p p p p p
.
Back-UPS -
Back-UPS Pro - 2/4 ms
Smart-UPS, XL, RM - 2/4 ms
Matrix UPS - 0 ms
- Typical recharge time
p p 50% pp 90%.
p APC 4 10 . p
p
p. (p - p
- p p).
pp, p
, . p , p p
p p / p p UPS,
shutdown p
pp p, pp p
, Smart-UPS.
************************************************************************
, p UPS p!
