MIDI
========================
: 22.12.96
: 15.08.00
: (Eugene Muzychenko)
2:5000/14@FidoNet, music@spider.nrcde.ru
Copyright (C) 1996-99, Eugene V. Muzychenko. All rights reserved.
.
Copyright .
.
======================================================================
MIDI?
**********************************************************************
Musical Instrument Digital Interface -
. 1983
- Yamaha, Roland, Korg, E-mu .
,
. -
.
MIDI -
. ,
-
(/ , ,
.., MIDI-,
. ,
, ,
. , MIDI-
,
- , ..
MIDI-
,
.
MIDI-.
MIDI
, -
. ,
MIDI- MIDI- ( MIDI-);
, - ,
MIDI-.
- MIDI-
, MIDI-
,
.
MIDI
**********************************************************************
- - " " (
, 5 , - 0, - 1),
31250 +/-1% / 8-N-1 ( , 8
, , ).
2 .
: In (), Out
() Thru ( In ). -
female DIN-5 (-5), ( ):
2
4 o 5
o o
1 o o 3
4 5 - , 2 - .
(Out Thru).
: 4 - (
), 5 - ( ).
, Out Thru , In -
.
50 ( 15 ).
- .
- (2-2, 4-4, 5-5).
MIDI- .
MIDI-,
:
1 Thru 2 Thru 3 Thru
In In In
Out Out Out
4 Thru 5 Thru
In In
Out Out
1 ,
2 - 3.
4 , 2 (
, 2)
5.
MIDI
**********************************************************************
MIDI- , (events),
.
16 ,
;
,
-
,
.
(multi-timbral)
( 16
MIDI-),
, ,
. 10
-
;
,
, ,
.
MIDI-
,
. ,
(status byte), "1"
, "0"
(data bytes).
,
"1" -
( ).
"Running Status"
- ,
"Controller Change" , -
.
MIDI-
===================
MIDI- -
, - .
MIDI- (, n
):
:
8n nn vv - Note Off ( )
9n nn vv - Note On ( )
An nn pp - Key Pressure (Polyphonic Aftertouch, )
Bn cc vv - Control Change ( )
Cn pp - Program Change ( (, ))
Dn pp - Channel Pressure (Channel Aftertouch, )
En ll mm - Pitch Bend Change ( )
:
F0 - System Exclusive (SysEx, )
F1 -
F2 ll mm - Song Position Pointer ( )
F3 ss - Song Select ( )
F4 -
F5 -
F6 - Tune Request ( )
F7 - EOX (End Of SysEx, )
F8 - Timing Clock ( )
F9 -
FA - Start ( )
FB - Continue ( )
FC - Stop ( )
FD -
FE - Active Sensing ( MIDI-)
FF - System Reset ( )
============================
Note On (nn - , vv - (velocity) )
Note Off (nn - , vv - )
-----------------------------------------------------------
/ . MIDI-
/ ,
MIDI-
.
0..127,
- "" -
60 ( MIDI
, C-5).
/ 0..127,
(
).
. ()
,
64. 0 Note On
Note Off -
Running
Status.
, -
( )
, ,
..
.
Note On
-:
Note Off, "" ;
, .
All Sounds Off Reset.
Channel Pressure (pp - )
Key Pressure (nn - , pp - )
------------------------------------------------------
(After Touch -
()) .
;
, Channel Pressure
;
,
.
. Aftertouch
(,
, , ..).
Control Change (cc - , vv - )
------------------------------------------------------
().
MIDI- (continuous) - ,
, ,
(switches) - , , ,
(On/Off - /). 0..63
, 64..127 - .
(MIDI level 1)
:
0..31 - 0..31
32..63 - 0..31
64..95 -
96..121 -
120..127 -
, 120..127 (
), .
MIDI :
0 - Bank Select MSB ( , )
1 - Modulation ( )
2 - Breath Control ( )
4 - Foot Pedal ( )
5 - Portamento Time ( )
6 - Data Entry MSB ( , )
7 - Main Volume ( )
8 - Balance ()
10 - Pan ( - )
11 - Expression (, )
16 - AC1 (Assignable Controller - )
17 - AC2
18 - AC3
19 - AC4
32 - Bank Select LSB ( , )
38 - Data Entry LSB ( , )
64 - Sustain Pedal, Hold1 ( )
65 - Portamento (/ )
66 - Sostenuto Pedal ( ())
67 - Soft Pedal ( )
80 - AC5
81 - AC6
82 - AC7
83 - AC8
91 - External Effects Depth ( )
92 - Tremelo Depth ( - )
93 - Chorus Depth ( )
94 - Detune Depth ( )
95 - Phaser Depth ( )
96 - Data Increment ( )
97 - Data Decrement ( )
98 - NRPN LSB ( , )
99 - NRPN MSB ( , )
100 - RPN LSB ( , )
101 - RPN MSB ( , )
,
.
,
- ,
.
: .
;
, ""
- 64.
, , ,
, ..
, , ,
; - ,
.. - ,
.
-------------------------------
120..127
:
120 - All Sounds Off
121 - Reset All Controllers
122 vv - Local Control
123 - All Notes Off
124 - Omni Off
125 - Omni On
126 nn - Mono
127 - Poly
,
.
All Notes Off
Note Off
; -
Sustain Sostenuto. All Sounds Off
, Sustain/Sostenuto;
, ,
(Release).
Sustain/Sostenuto .
Reset All Controllers
,
.
Local Control /
.
( MIDI),
127 .
Omni On/Off / Omni -
. Omni
, -
(Basic Channel).
.
, SysEx. Omni
,
MIDI- .
Mono/Poly
() .
;
.
,
,
"" .
nn Mono ,
MIDI-, , Basic Channel,
Omni.
. Basic
Channel, - Basic Channel + 1, ,
Basic Channel, .
,
.
, ()
MIDI-.
Omni, Mono Poly All
Sounds Off.
Omni, Poly Mono
(mode) MIDI-:
1 - Omni On, Poly
2 - Omni On, Mono
3 - Omni Off, Poly
4 - Omni Off, Mono
mode 3 -
.
Program Change (pp - )
--------------------------------------------------
(
) . (0..127)
.
, .
Pitch Bend Change (ll - , mm - )
------------------------------------------------------------
- ,
. , 7- ,
0..16383; - 8192 -
,
-8192..8191. Pitch Bend
RPN 0;
.
===================
System Exclusive (SysEx)
------------------------
.
SysEx .
F7. SysEx
(
MIDI- - MMA),
( ) (
).
- , ,
, ..
:
Sequential Circuits 01
Big Briar 02
Octave / Plateau 03
Moog 04
Passport Designs 05
Lexicon 06
PAIA 11
Simmons 12
Gentle Electric 13
Fairlight 14
Bon Tempi 20
S.I.E.L. 21
SyntheAxe 23
Kawai 40
Roland 41
Korg 42
Yamaha 43
, SysEx:
7F - ;
7E - .
Tune Request
------------
,
. ,
-
.
Song Position Pointer (ll - , mm - )
-------------------------------------------------------
,
, -.
MIDI- ( 6 Timing Clock),
(sixteenth) .
Song Select (ss - )
-------------------------------------------
,
Start.
Start
-----
.
Stop
----
.
Continue
--------
,
, Song Position Pointer.
Timing Clock
------------
24
.
,
,
.
Active Sensing
--------------
MIDI-.
.
MIDI-,
300 All Notes Off,
All Sounds Off Reset All Controllers.
.
.
----------------------------
Bank Select
() ,
.
;
:
0 - Bank Select MSB ( , )
32 - Bank Select LSB ( , )
, .
.
( ,
General MIDI, GM).
Program Change
().
( ).
.
Modulation
. .
0 , 127
. - 0.
.
Breath Control
,
- ,
. ,
MIDI- (MIDI-, MIDI-).
Foot Pedal
-
.
Portamento Time
. . 0
, 127 - .
.
Main Volume
. .
- 100.
.
Pan
( )
. . 0 - , 64
- , 127 - . - 64.
.
Expression
. .
Main Volume
, .
,
. -
127.
Harmonic Content
( ) ,
.
,
, .
(0..64..127). - 64.
Release Time
Note
Off ( ) .
(0..64..127). - 64.
Attack Time
-
Note On .
(0..64..127). - 64.
Brightness
,
. (0..64..127).
- 64.
Portamento Control
,
Portamento, ,
Note On.
Reverb Level
(
) - Room, Hall, Delay, Echo ..
-
.
Chorus Level
(
) - Chorus, Flanger, Phaser .. -
.
Variation Level
, Variation. -
.
- Sustain
,
-
. , Sustain
Note Off.
Note Off; (
Note On)
.
- Sostenuto
Sustain, ,
.
. ,
Note Off , Note On
.
- Soft
,
, . -
-
.
- Portamento
,
(Pitch Bend Change
Coarse/Fine Tune ..).
, Note On
Portamento Control,
, Portamento Time.
,
, Note On
.
, , , C2 C7,
- C4, C2
C7, - C7 50,
50.
C7 C2
C7, C4 C7
C4. .
RPN, NRPN Data Entry
(Registered Parameter Number - RPN)
(Non-Registered Parameter Number - NRPN)
, :
98 - NRPN LSB ( NRPN)
99 - NRPN MSB ( NRPN)
100 - RPN LSB ( RPN)
101 - RPN MSB ( RPN)
RPN NRPN,
:
6 - Data Entry MSB ( , )
38 - Data Entry LSB ( , )
,
, ,
,
. ,
, .
RPN NRPN
RPN 16383 - 100 101
127 Data Entry RPN
NRPN.
, " ".
General MIDI RPN,
Data Entry:
RPN 0 - Pitch Bend Sensitivity ( Pitch Bend)
RPN 1 - Fine Tuning ( )
RPN 2 - Coarse Tuning ( )
Pitch Bend ,
Pitch Bend
Change .
.
RPN
, (
) - .
64.
GM .
RPN:
RPN 3 - Tuning Program Select
RPN 4 - Tuning Bank Select
MIDI-
**********************************************************************
General MIDI (MMA)
===========================
General MIDI ( MIDI, GM)
MIDI- (MMA) 1991
MIDI-
. ,
GM Level 1, :
- 24 ;
- 128 47 ;
- 16 MIDI-;
- 121 123;
- 10 , -
.
.
16 8
Program Change 1-9 11-16:
Piano Chrom Percussion
0 Acoustic Grand Piano 8 Celesta
1 Bright Acoustic Piano 9 Glockenspiel
2 Electric Grand Piano 10 Music Box
3 Honky-tonk Piano 11 Vibraphone
4 Electric Piano 1 12 Marimba
5 Electric Piano 2 13 Xylophone
6 Harpsichord 14 Tubular Bells
7 Clavinet 15 Dulcimer
Organ Guitar
16 Drawbar Organ 24 Acoustic Guitar (nylon)
17 Percussive Organ 25 Acoustic Guitar (steel)
18 Rock Organ 26 Electric Guitar (jazz)
19 Church Organ 27 Electric Guitar (clean)
20 Reed Organ 28 Electric Guitar (muted)
21 Accordion 29 Overdriven Guitar
22 Harmonica 30 Distortion Guitar
23 Tango Accordion 31 Guitar Harmonics
Bass Strings
32 Acoustic Bass 40 Violin
33 Electric Bass (finger) 41 Viola
34 Electric Bass (pick) 42 Cello
35 Fretless Bass 43 Contrabass
36 Slap Bass 1 44 Tremolo Strings
37 Slap Bass 2 45 Pizzicato Strings
38 Synth Bass 1 46 Orchestral Harp
39 Synth Bass 2 47 Timpani
Ensemble Brass
48 String Ensemble 1 56 Trumpet
49 String Ensemble 2 57 Trombone
50 Synth Strings 1 58 Tuba
51 Synth Strings 2 59 Muted Trumpet
52 Choir Aahs 60 French Horn
53 Voice Oohs 61 Brass Section
54 Synth Voice 62 Synth Brass 1
55 Orchestra Hit 63 Synth Brass 2
Reed Pipe
64 Soprano Sax 72 Piccolo
65 Alto Sax 73 Flute
66 Tenor Sax 74 Recorder
67 Baritone Sax 75 Pan Flute
68 Oboe 76 Bottle Blow
69 English Horn 77 Shakuhachi
70 Bassoon 78 Whistle
71 Clarinet 79 Ocarina
Synth Lead Synth Pad
80 Lead 1 (square) 88 Pad 1 (new age)
81 Lead 2 (sawtooth) 89 Pad 2 (warm)
82 Lead 3 (calliope) 90 Pad 3 (polysynth)
83 Lead 4 (chiff) 91 Pad 4 (choir)
84 Lead 5 (charang) 92 Pad 5 (bowed)
85 Lead 6 (voice) 93 Pad 6 (metallic)
86 Lead 7 (fifths) 94 Pad 7 (halo)
87 Lead 8 (bass + lead) 95 Pad 8 (sweep)
Synth Effects Ethnic
96 FX 1 (rain) 104 Sitar
97 FX 2 (soundtrack) 105 Banjo
98 FX 3 (crystal) 106 Shamisen
99 FX 4 (atmosphere) 107 Koto
100 FX 5 (brightness) 108 Kalimba
101 FX 6 (goblins) 109 Bagpipe
102 FX 7 (echoes) 110 Fiddle
103 FX 8 (sci-fi) 111 Shanai
Percussive Sound Effects
112 Tinkle Bell 120 Guitar Fret Noise
113 Agogo 121 Breath Noise
114 Steel Drums 122 Seashore
115 Woodblock 123 Bird Tweet
116 Taiko Drum 124 Telephone Ring
117 Melodic Tom 125 Helicopter
118 Synth Drum 126 Applause
119 Reverse Cymbal 127 Gunshot
10:
35 Acoustic Bass Drum 59 Ride Cymbal 2
36 Bass Drum 1 60 High Bongo
37 Side Kick 61 Low Bongo
38 Acoustic Snare 62 Mute High Conga
39 Hand Clap 63 Open High Conga
40 Electric Snare 64 Low Conga
41 Low Floor Tom 65 High Timbale
42 Closed High-Hat 66 Low Timbale
43 High Floor Tom 67 High Agogo
44 Pedal High Hat 68 Low Agogo
45 Low Tom 69 Cabasa
46 Open High Hat 70 Maracas
47 Low-Mid Tom 71 Short Whistle
48 High-Mid Tom 72 Long Whistle
49 Crash Cymbal 1 73 Short Guiro
50 High Tom 74 Long Guiro
51 Ride Cymbal 1 75 Claves
52 Chinese Cymbal 76 High Wood Block
53 Ride Bell 77 Low Wood Block
54 Tambourine 78 Mute Cuica
55 Splash Cymbal 79 Open Cuica
56 Cowbell 80 Mute Triangle
57 Crash Cymbal 2 81 Open Triangle
58 Vibraslap
24 ,
16 8 -
.
.
GM :
1 - Modulation ( )
7 - Main Volume ( )
10 - Pan ( - )
11 - Expression (, )
64 - Sustain Pedal ( )
Main Volume
, Expression -
.
, , GM, ,
SysEx "General MIDI On" GM: F0 7E 7F
09 01 F7.
GM MMA ,
www.mma.com www.midi.com.
General Synthesis (Roland)
===================================
General Synthesis ( , GS)
Roland 1991 , GM.
,
. , GS:
- GM Level 1;
- 98 8 ;
- - 10, 1;
- SysEx;
- SysEx;
- ;
- Reverb, Chorus Delay.
( 0). ( 32)
, (,
SC55/SC88). (General MIDI) 0.
12 , Variation Tones: 1..9, 16, 24 32.
( ):
8 Room Kit
16 Power Kit
24 Electronic Kit
25 TR-808 Kit
32 Jazz Kit
40 Brush Kit
48 Orchestra Kit
56 SFX Kit
:
5 - Portamento Time ( )
6 - Data Entry MSB ( , )
65 - Portamento (/ )
66 - Sostenuto Pedal ( ())
67 - Soft Pedal ( )
84 - Portamento Control ( )
91 - Reverb Level ( )
93 - Chorus Level ( )
98 - NRPN LSB ( , )
99 - NRPN MSB ( , )
- NRPN
( NRPN
):
NRPN 1/8 - Vibrato Rate ( )
NRPN 1/9 - Vibrato Depth ( )
NRPN 1/10 - Vibrato Delay ( )
NRPN 1/32 - Filter Cutoff Frequency ( )
NRPN 1/33 - Filter Resonance ( )
NRPN 1/99 - Attack Time ( )
NRPN 1/100 - Decay Time ( )
NRPN 1/102 - Release Time ( )
(nn -
):
NRPN 24/nn - Drum Pitch Coarse Tune ( )
NRPN 26/nn - Drum TVA Level ( )
NRPN 28/nn - Drum Pan ( )
NRPN 29/nn - Drum Reverb Send Level ( reverb)
NRPN 30/nn - Drum Chorus Send Level ( chorus)
NRPN 31/nn - Drum Delay Send Level ( delay)
Data Entry (
6).
, GM GS,
,
. ,
,
.
, GS, SysEx "General Synth
On" ( Roland GS): F0 41 10 42 12 40 00 7F 00 41
F7.
Extended General (Yamaha)
==================================
Extended General ( , XG)
Yamaha 1994 GS.
- .
, XG,
,
. , XG
(Level 1):
- 32- ;
- GM GS;
- 676 21 /;
- ;
- ();
- (Velocity);
- ,
MIDI-;
- - - Reverb, Chorus Variation.
XG:
- 64 MIDI- ( MIDI-
);
- 64 AD- - ,
-;
- ;
- - - Distortion, Harmonizer ..
: 480/10
XG 579/11 TG300B (GS).
GM 128 ,
/RPN. XG
, , NRPN SysEx.
;
( 0) ,
( 32) - . XG
:
0 Normal ()
64 SFX ( )
126 SFX ( )
127 Drums ()
MIDI-
.
XG 44 :
0 Standard (General MIDI)
1 KSP (Key Scale Panning - )
3 Stereo ()
6 Single
8 Slow ( )
12 Fast Decay ( )
14 Double Attack ()
16-17 Bright ()
18-19 Dark ()
20 Resonant ( )
24 Attack ( )
25 Release ( )
27 Rezo Sweep ( )
28 Muted ()
32 Detune 1 ( )
33 Detune 2
34 Detune 3
35 Octave 1 ( )
36 Octave 2
37 5th 1 ( )
38 5th 2
39 Bend
40-42 Tutti ( )
43 Velo-Switch ( )
45 Velo-Xfade ( )
64-72,
96-101 Other wave ( )
9 :
0 Standard Kit 1
1 Standard Kit 2
8 Room Kit
16 Rock Kit
24 Electro Kit
25 Analog Kit
32 Jazz Kit
40 Brush Kit
48 Classic Kit
2 :
0 SFX 1
1 SFX 2
TG300B/GS GS.
XG , GS:
38 - Data Entry LSB ( , )
71 - Harmonic Content ( , )
72 - Release Time ( )
73 - Attack Time ( )
74 - Brightness (, )
94 - Variation Level ( Variation)
96 - Data Increment ( xRPN 1, )
97 - Data Decrement ( xRPN 1, )
, XG,
- .
GS NRPN :
NRPN 20/nn - Drum Filter Cutoff ( )
NRPN 21/nn - Drum Filter Resonance ( )
NRPN 22/nn - Drum Attack Time ( )
NRPN 23/nn - Drum Decay Time ( )
NRPN 25/nn - Drum Pitch Fine Tune ( )
- ,
. Reverb
Chorus (System) -
. Variation ,
(Insertion) ,
.
XG Level 1 8 Reverb Chorus 36
Variation, 8
Reverb Chorus.
SysEx.
, XG, SysEx "XG System On"
( Yamaha XG): F0 43 1n 4C 00 00 7E 00 F7, n -
( -
, 0). MIDI-
GM.
===================================
. ""
, , ,
, ""
. ,
, MIDI-,
"" . MIDI-,
,
( ) -,
.
XG,
.
MIDI
**********************************************************************
MIDI - .
, MIDI-,
,
( MIDI-),
(, -, ,
, , ..).
,
MIDI-, ,
-. -
,
MIDI-.
, MIDI-,
, MIDI-.
, ,
, , -
. -
MIDI-.
MIDI- SMF
(Standard MIDI File - MIDI-) :
0 - MIDI- ,
.
1 - "",
,
MIDI-.
2 - ,
.
1,
.
MIDI-, " " (Meta
Events),
- , ,
, ..
======================================================================
:
www.synthzone.com -
www.yamaha.co.uk/xg/index.htm - XG Yamaha
otto.cmr.fsu.edu/~kings/mid/midi.shtml - MIDI-
www.usd.edu/~tgannon/midinfo.html - MIDI
ftp://spider.nrcde.ru/pub/sound/docs -
======================================================================
, ,
.
FReq
2:5000/14@FidoNet MIDIDESC. FAQ
ftp://spider.nrcde.ru/pub/text/tech/emtcfaqs.zip
FAQ http://spider.nrcde.ru.
FIDO fileecho XHRDDOCS.
======================================================================
